Sources
Where what is written here comes from, and how to check it yourself.
The Radar: a source for every molecule
Each of the 52 molecules in the Research Radar has at least one link: a trial registry entry, an official company announcement or an agency document. Open a molecule and its sources are at the bottom of its card. A figure always comes with its number of patients and its time frame: “31% at 12 weeks in 59 patients”, not “31% remission”.
The guide: guidelines, not opinions
The sheets of the guide summarise the guidelines of medical societies and official texts. They never present personal experience as evidence, and they never present an unproven lead as a treatment. Some sheets describe the French healthcare system; they say so.
- ECCO — European Crohn’s and Colitis OrganisationEuropean guidelines on Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: diagnosis, treatment, surgery, pregnancy.
- AGA — American Gastroenterological AssociationAmerican guidelines, including those on diet (2024).
- IOIBDAn international group of IBD specialists; guidance on diet and treatment targets.
- EMA — European Medicines AgencyEuropean authorisations, their dates and procedural documents. Note: a medicine’s current document only covers the recent period; the history is in its archive file.
- FDA — US Food and Drug AdministrationAmerican approvals, shown on the English version of the Radar.
- Union Register of medicinal productsEvery European Commission decision, with its date.
- ClinicalTrials.govThe clinical trial registry: stages, numbers of patients, dates, reasons for stopping.
What each sheet cites
When a sheet gives a figure or relies on a specific trial, it names it. Here they are, sheet by sheet.
Understand
1. Crohn's: what we know now
- ECCO, guidelines on the medical treatment of Crohn's disease, J Crohns Colitis 2024
- Noor et al., PROFILE trial, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024
- Gastroenterology 2025; Nature Communications 2025
- PROFILE trial, 2024
- STRIDE international recommendations
- LIR!C trial and its long-term follow-up
- Ontunisertib, NOV-ERA trial
- International genetic studies
- ECCO/ESPGHAN recommendations; large cohorts
- ABBV-466, DUET programme
2. UC: what we know now
- ECCO, guidelines on the medical treatment of UC, J Crohns Colitis 2026
- Gastroenterology 2025
- ACCURE trial, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025
- STRIDE international recommendations
- European authorisations 2021-2024
- Large Scandinavian studies
- Randomised trials
- Calprotectin monitoring
- DUET, Spyre, MORF-057 + Omvoh
Get treated
7. Crohn's: which treatment for which situation?
- ECCO, guidelines on the medical treatment of Crohn's disease, J Crohns Colitis 2024
- Rezaie et al., budesonide in Crohn's disease (Cochrane review), 2015
- Colombel et al., SONIC trial, N Engl J Med 2010
- Peyrin-Biroulet et al., SEQUENCE trial, N Engl J Med 2024
- Sands et al., ACCENT II trial, N Engl J Med 2004
- Johnson & Johnson, results of the FUZION trial, press release of 5 May 2026
- Wils et al., USTAP trial (GETAID), Gut 2026
- Regueiro et al., PREVENT trial, Gastroenterology 2016
- D'Haens et al., REPREVIO trial, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025
- ECCO, guidelines on surgery for Crohn's disease, J Crohns Colitis 2024
8. UC: which treatment for which situation?
- ECCO, guidelines on the medical treatment of ulcerative colitis, J Crohns Colitis 2026
- Danese et al., U-ACHIEVE and U-ACCOMPLISH trials, Lancet 2022
- Sands et al., VARSITY trial, N Engl J Med 2019
- Turner et al., steroids in severe ulcerative colitis (systematic review), 2007
- Laharie et al., CYSIF trial, Lancet 2012
- Williams et al., CONSTRUCT trial, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016
- Travis et al., EARNEST trial, N Engl J Med 2023
Live well
11. Eating well with IBD
- ESPEN, guideline on nutrition in IBD, Clin Nutr 2023
- AGA 2024 and IOIBD guidelines
13. Let's talk about mood
- Barberio et al., anxiety and depression in IBD, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021
- Fairbrass et al., irritable bowel-type pain in remission, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020
- Fairbrass et al., the gut-brain axis and the course of IBD, Gut 2022
- Kristensen et al., antidepressants and the course of IBD (Denmark), Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019
The future
17. The treatments on the way
- Tulisokibart — MSD — the phase 3 ATLAS-UC study meets its primary endpoint in ulcerative colitis (22 June 2026)
- Tulisokibart — ARES-CD phase 3 trial in Crohn's disease, 1,200 patients, primary completion 30 October 2028 (NCT06430801)
- Duvakitug — Sanofi and Teva — RELIEVE UCCD phase 2b maintenance results over 44 weeks (17 February 2026)
- Afimkibart — NCT06589986
- Afimkibart — NCT06819891
- Icotrokinra — ICONIC-UC phase 3 placebo-controlled trial, 896 patients with ulcerative colitis, enrolment complete, primary completion 14 January 2028 (NCT07196748)
- Icotrokinra — Phase 2b/3 placebo-controlled trial in Crohn's disease, 1,092 patients, primary completion 19 September 2028 (NCT07196722)
- Icotrokinra — FDA — Icotyde (icotrokinra), approved 17 March 2026 for plaque psoriasis (application NDA 220149)
- Skyrizi: subcutaneous induction — AbbVie — FDA approves the subcutaneous induction regimen for Skyrizi in Crohn's disease (23 October 2026)
- JNJ-4804 (Tremfya + Simponi) — Johnson & Johnson — phase 2b DUET-CD and DUET-UC presented at DDW (5 May 2026)
- Obefazimod — Abivax — phase 3 ABTECT maintenance results, 580 responders followed for 44 weeks (1 June 2026)
- Omilancor — Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis, 198 patients, completed December 2020 (NCT03861143)
- Omilancor — Phase 2 trial in Crohn's disease, terminated in 2022 with 27 patients: « Decision of Landos Biopharma (not related to safety or efficacy) » (NCT03870334)
18. Future leads
- Ontunisertib — NOV-ERA phase 2b placebo-controlled trial in fibrostenosing Crohn's disease, 320 patients planned, started 30 October 2026 (NCT07683325)
- PALI-2108 — Open-label phase 1b in 6 patients with fibrostenosing Crohn's disease, 14 days of treatment (NCT07428096)
- PALI-2108 — Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis, 204 patients planned, started 28 August 2026 (NCT07845487)
- MBF-118 — Phase 2a trial in Crohn's disease, 10 patients, completed 10 September 2024 (NCT05940558)
- Duvakitug — Sanofi and Teva — RELIEVE UCCD phase 2b maintenance results over 44 weeks (17 February 2026)
- ABBV-466 (Skyrizi + trosunilimab) — AbbVie — phase 2a TARGET-CD presented at UEG Week, 300 patients, open-label (19 October 2026)
- SPY001, SPY002, SPY003 — SKYLINE-UC phase 2 platform trial, three antibodies alone then in combination, 645 patients planned, primary completion June 2027 (NCT07012395)
- SPY001, SPY002, SPY003 — Spyre Therapeutics — phase 1 results: about 75-day half-life, supporting quarterly or less frequent dosing (17 June 2025)
- MORF-057 — EMERALD-2 phase 2b trial in ulcerative colitis, 280 patients, completed 28 November 2024 (NCT05611671)
- MORF-057 — GARNET phase 2 trial in Crohn's disease, 385 patients, primary completion September 2028 (NCT06226883)
- MORF-057 — TOPAZ-UC phase 2 trial, combined with mirikizumab (Omvoh), 252 patients, primary completion May 2027 (NCT07186101)
- Emvistegrast — Gilead — phase 2 SWIFT, presented at UEGW 2026 (statement of 19 October 2026): primary endpoint = clinical response at 12 weeks, 66% on 200 mg versus 37% on placebo; remission (secondary endpoint) 31% (18/59) versus 8% (5/60)
- OD-001 — Odyssey Therapeutics — open-label phase 2a, 56 evaluable patients: 27% clinical remission at week 12 among the 41 patients on 20 mg twice daily (UEG Week, 20 October 2026)
- ABBV-668 — Phase 2 trial in ulcerative colitis, 30 patients, completed 23 December 2024 (NCT05570006)
- Zasocitinib — Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis, 213 patients, primary completion 14 July 2026 (NCT06254950)
- Zasocitinib — Open-label extension trial in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, 192 patients (NCT06764615)
- Garutadustat — BETHESDA phase 2a placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis (ISM5411), 80 patients, results expected August 2027 (NCT07265570)
- Tamuzimod — Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial in ulcerative colitis, 213 patients: « The Induction and Long-Term Extension Periods were completed and analyzed as planned » (NCT05156125)
- ALTB-268 — Phase 2 trial in ulcerative colitis refractory to biologics, 50 patients (NCT06109441)
- AZD7798 — AMALTHEA phase 2a trial in Crohn's disease, 120 patients, enrolment complete, trial completion announced for May 2027 (NCT06450197)
- Lutikizumab — Target CD phase 2 trial, risankizumab plus lutikizumab in Crohn's disease, 590 patients (NCT06548542)
- Lutikizumab — AbbVie ends development of lutikizumab as a monotherapy in ulcerative colitis: efficacy « numerically higher » than Humira but not sufficiently differentiated (announced 31 July 2025)
- Eltrekibart — Phase 2 trial in ulcerative colitis, combined with mirikizumab, 143 patients (NCT06598943)
- BI 3032950 — Phase 2 trial in ulcerative colitis, 80 patients, primary completion July 2027 (NCT06636656)
- Tirzepatide + Omvoh — Phase 3b trial in Crohn's disease with overweight or obesity, 290 patients, primary completion May 2028 (NCT06937099)
- Tirzepatide + Omvoh — Phase 3b trial in ulcerative colitis with overweight or obesity, 350 patients, primary completion April 2028 (NCT06937086)
- Anti-MAP vaccine — Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial (ISRCTN13731766), registry updated 8 September 2026: first enrolment due 1 September 2027, last 31 August 2028, completion 31 October 2030; ethics approval not yet submitted
- Anti-MAP vaccine — Phase 1 in 28 patients with active Crohn's disease (ISRCTN36126048), completed
- Anti-MAP vaccine — Phase 1 in 28 healthy volunteers (NCT03027193), Oxford, completed in 2020
- RHB-204 — RedHill Biopharma — positive FDA feedback on the path to approval of RHB-204 in Crohn's disease; trial funding still to be secured (2025)
- Bourgonje et al., blood signs before the diagnosis of IBD, Gut 2026
19. Off the beaten track
- Imdad et al., faecal microbiota transplantation in IBD (Cochrane review), 2023
- D'Haens et al., vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn's disease, J Crohns Colitis 2023
- Dulai et al., hyperbaric oxygen in ulcerative colitis, Am J Gastroenterol 2018
- Pagoldh et al., hyperbaric oxygen in ulcerative colitis (Sweden), Scand J Gastroenterol 2013
- van de Pol et al., low-dose naltrexone in Crohn's disease, Dig Dis Sci 2026
- Serrero et al., the patient’s own fat in fistulas (ADICROHN), Gastroenterology 2019
- ADICROHN II trial (NCT04010526)
To finish
What has no reference, and why
20 sheets out of 22 have their references, with a link to the article or official document. The two that do not are “Mistakes to avoid” and “The final word”: they are personal texts, written in the first person, not summaries of the medical literature.
If something looks wrong or out of date, please say so: the site is written by one person, not an editorial team.
This site informs. It never replaces advice from your gastroenterologist.