IBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD HorizonIBD 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HIBD Horizon

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The little glossary

The words you hear in consultations, explained simply.

The disease

IBDInflammatory bowel disease. Mainly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Crohn's diseaseA type of IBD that can affect the whole digestive tract, in patches, through the full thickness of the wall.
UCUlcerative colitis. Affects the rectum and the colon, continuously, only on the surface.
FlareA period when the disease wakes up: pain, diarrhoea, blood, fatigue.
RemissionA calm period. Clinical: no more symptoms. Deep: the bowel is also healed when examined.
IleumThe last part of the small bowel. The area most often affected in Crohn's disease.
ColonThe large bowel. It ends with the rectum.
StrictureNarrowing of the bowel, due to inflammation or to scar tissue (fibrosis).
FistulaA small abnormal tunnel between the bowel and another organ or the skin, often near the anus.
AbscessA pocket of pus. Fever and severe pain: needs treating quickly.
MucosaThe inner layer of the bowel, the one we are trying to heal.
Extra-intestinal manifestationsSigns of IBD outside the bowel: joints, skin, eyes, liver.

Tests

CalprotectinA protein measured in the stool. It reflects inflammation of the bowel.
CRPA marker of inflammation measured in the blood.
EndoscopyA test using a camera: colonoscopy, gastroscopy.
BiopsyA tiny sample of the wall, examined under a microscope. It doesn't hurt.
Trough levelThe level of the drug in the blood just before the next dose, used to adjust the treatment.
MR enterographyA specialised MRI to look at the small bowel, without radiation.

Treatments

Long-term treatmentTaken continuously to maintain remission, even when everything is going well.
Induction / maintenanceInduction: the start, often at a high dose. Maintenance: what follows, to keep it working over time.
Steroid dependenceWhen you cannot stop steroids without relapsing. A sign that the treatment needs to change.
ImmunosuppressantA drug that calms the immune system: azathioprine, methotrexate.
BiologicA drug made by living cells (an antibody) that blocks a precise target.
BiosimilarA copy of a biologic, just as effective and safe, and cheaper.
Small moleculeA drug in tablet form: it cuts a relay inside the cells (JAK) or keeps white blood cells in the lymph nodes (S1P).
Combination therapyA biologic and an immunosuppressant taken together.
ImmunogenicityThe body makes antibodies against the drug, which then works less well.
Loss of responseA treatment that used to work becomes less effective over time. It can be adjusted or changed.

Surgery and daily life

ResectionAn operation that removes the diseased part of the bowel.
StomaThe bowel is connected to the skin of the abdomen, with a bag. Sometimes only temporary.
Postoperative recurrenceIn Crohn's disease, the disease often comes back near the join: it is prevented with treatment.
ALDIn France, affection de longue durée (long-term condition status): care related to IBD is covered at 100% of the Social Security rate.